See trut in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"word": "truc"
}
],
"lang": "Middle French",
"lang_code": "frm",
"word": "truc"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"word": "truc"
}
],
"lang": "Middle French",
"lang_code": "frm",
"word": "truq"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"word": "truc"
}
],
"lang": "Middle French",
"lang_code": "frm",
"word": "trut"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": ":bor",
"3": "pro:truc<id:hit>",
"id": "trick"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"hit\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"to hit\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"to shove\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"gloss\" : \"shove\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"to thrust\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"to push\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*trewd-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*troudō\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"trūdō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"alt\" : \"-icāre\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"-ic-\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"children\" : [ ], \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"id\" : \"denominative\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"suf\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*-ājō\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"suf\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-h₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-éh₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"intransitive verbs\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-yéti\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-eh₂yéti\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" }, { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"influ.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Influenced by\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-h₂ti\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"influence\" } ], \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-āō\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ō\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-icō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Vulgar Latin\", \"term\" : \"*trūdicāre\", \"lang\" : \"la-vul\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old Occitan\", \"term\" : \"trucar\", \"lang\" : \"pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old Occitan\", \"term\" : \"truc\", \"lang\" : \"pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"trut\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" }\" data-id=\"trick\" data-lang=\"fro\" data-title=\"trut\" id=\"Old_French:_trick\">",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "pro",
"3": "truc"
},
"expansion": "Old Occitan truc",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "la-vul",
"3": "*trudico",
"4": "*trūdicāre"
},
"expansion": "Vulgar Latin *trūdicāre",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Old Occitan truc, deverbal from trucar, from Vulgar Latin *trūdicāre.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "trut oblique singular or",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "truz",
"tags": [
"oblique",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "trutz",
"tags": [
"oblique",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "truz",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "trutz",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "trut",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "trut oblique singular, m (oblique plural truz or trutz, nominative singular truz or trutz, nominative plural trut)",
"name": "fro-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old French entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old French entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 5 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "trutenier"
},
{
"word": "turkier"
}
],
"glosses": [
"trick"
],
"id": "en-trut-fro-noun-851RSaRu",
"links": [
[
"trick",
"trick"
]
]
}
],
"word": "trut"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"sv:Gulls",
"sv:Mouth"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "trutenier"
},
{
"word": "turkier"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"word": "truc"
}
],
"lang": "Middle French",
"lang_code": "frm",
"word": "truc"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"word": "truc"
}
],
"lang": "Middle French",
"lang_code": "frm",
"word": "truq"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"word": "truc"
}
],
"lang": "Middle French",
"lang_code": "frm",
"word": "trut"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": ":bor",
"3": "pro:truc<id:hit>",
"id": "trick"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"hit\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"to hit\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"to shove\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"gloss\" : \"shove\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"to thrust\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"to push\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*trewd-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*troudō\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"trūdō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"alt\" : \"-icāre\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"-ic-\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"children\" : [ ], \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"id\" : \"denominative\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"suf\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*-ājō\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"suf\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-h₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-éh₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"intransitive verbs\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-yéti\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-eh₂yéti\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" }, { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"influ.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Influenced by\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-h₂ti\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"influence\" } ], \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-āō\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ō\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-icō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Vulgar Latin\", \"term\" : \"*trūdicāre\", \"lang\" : \"la-vul\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old Occitan\", \"term\" : \"trucar\", \"lang\" : \"pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old Occitan\", \"term\" : \"truc\", \"lang\" : \"pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"trut\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" }\" data-id=\"trick\" data-lang=\"fro\" data-title=\"trut\" id=\"Old_French:_trick\">",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "pro",
"3": "truc"
},
"expansion": "Old Occitan truc",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "la-vul",
"3": "*trudico",
"4": "*trūdicāre"
},
"expansion": "Vulgar Latin *trūdicāre",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Old Occitan truc, deverbal from trucar, from Vulgar Latin *trūdicāre.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "trut oblique singular or",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "truz",
"tags": [
"oblique",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "trutz",
"tags": [
"oblique",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "truz",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "trutz",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "trut",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "trut oblique singular, m (oblique plural truz or trutz, nominative singular truz or trutz, nominative plural trut)",
"name": "fro-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Old French entries with etymon",
"Old French entries with incorrect language header",
"Old French lemmas",
"Old French masculine nouns",
"Old French nouns",
"Old French terms borrowed from Old Occitan",
"Old French terms derived from Latin",
"Old French terms derived from Old Occitan",
"Old French terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Old French terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"Old French terms derived from Vulgar Latin",
"Old French terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *trewd-",
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymon"
],
"glosses": [
"trick"
],
"links": [
[
"trick",
"trick"
]
]
}
],
"word": "trut"
}
Download raw JSONL data for trut meaning in Old French (5.9kB)
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1089",
"msg": "suspicious unhandled suffix in Old French: 'trut oblique singular or', originally 'trut oblique singular or m'",
"path": [
"trut"
],
"section": "Old French",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "trut",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1089",
"msg": "suspicious unhandled suffix in Old French: 'trut oblique singular or', originally 'trut oblique singular or m'",
"path": [
"trut"
],
"section": "Old French",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "trut",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1147",
"msg": "suspicious related form tags ['masculine', 'canonical']: 'trut oblique singular or' in 'trut oblique singular, m (oblique plural truz or trutz, nominative singular truz or trutz, nominative plural trut)'",
"path": [
"trut"
],
"section": "Old French",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "trut",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Old French dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-20 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (d6fca27 and 65e1673). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.